Milton’s Tri-Echo Hand Tub Fire Engine, c1879-1941

By Muriel Bristol | March 5, 2023

Milton’s Three-Ponds village had its own fire “precinct” at least as early as 1879 (when its firemen’s dinners and balls began to be reported), and likely before. Prior to this it relied upon bucket brigades, as well as the Milton factories that had their own fire equipment, or calls upon the Rochester, NH, fire companies, which had to travel some distance.

MILTON. Precinct meeting was held in the Institute Saturday the 20. The following officers were elected: Charles Ricker, Moderator; George Tasker, Clerk; Bracket Avery, Charles Ricker, Charles H. Looney, Engineers. They also voted to raise a sum of money not exceeding $60.00 to be expended for hose & c. Then last year’s report was read and accepted. They then retreated to the Post-office where a treat was awaiting them (Farmington News, March 26, 1880).

The fire precinct acquired at some point its own hand tub fire engine, the “Tri-Echo.” It had been built as the “Torrent” by Boston’s Hunneman & Company in 1826 for the town of Hingham, MA. (Its Hunneman serial number was #116 and its piston size was 4″).

The hand fire engines, or hand tubs, as they are now called, have been used in this and many other countries from the earlier times described above down almost to the present, and even to-day many a small country town has its “Columbia” or its “Reliance,” which, drawn by all the male inhabitants, dashes to the fire and there, under the combined efforts of fifty men working on the brakes, throws one or more creditable streams of water on the flames. These engines consisted generally of two or more single-acting plungers of large diameter, and were fitted with large air chambers to make the discharge continuous. The plungers derived their motion from levers so connected to long handles or brakes that from fifty to seventy men could take hold at once. When working at their best, a stream of water could be thrown a distance of over two hundred feet (Schulman, 1923).

William C. Hunneman (1769-1856), the builder of the Torrent/Tri-Echo hand tub, began his career as an apprentice coppersmith for Paul Revere (1734/35-1818) and went on to become a highly successful manufacturer of hand tub fire engines. (His sons, Samuel H. Hunneman (1800-1869), and William C. Hunneman, Jr. (1801-1846), worked with him).

The distinguishing feature of this engine was the long stroke in distinction to the short quick stroke of other styles. These engines were exceedingly popular and very powerful, and on account of the prominence of Boston in those days in foreign business some of these engines were sent to the West Indies, China and Manilla. Some of them are still in use in this country, although about seventy years old (Honeyman, 1909).

Hingham sold their Hunneman-brand “Torrent” hand tub to the Great Falls Manufacturing Co., of Somersworth, NH, probably when Hingham acquired their upgraded “Torrent #2″ in 1846 (its Hunneman serial number was #291 and its piston size was 5½”).  Great Falls Manufacturing later sold their Torrent to either a Milton manufacturer, or to the new Milton fire precinct when it was established. Milton’s new-to-them “small” hand tub was renamed as the “Tri-Echo,” i.e., an earlier name for the Milton Three Ponds (Handtub Junction, 2022).

The Milton Town Report of 1880 listed a payment of $96 to B.F. Avery for the Fire Co. (This report was for the “Year Ending” in March of 1880, so most of it pertains to 1879. The same would be the case for all of the reports that follow). In 1881 a Special Tax of $60 was collected for Special Fire District No. 9 and paid over to B.F. Avery. (The District No. 9 designation aligned with that of School District No. 9). The tax was “special” in the sense that it was levied on School/Fire District No. 9 residents only.

MILTON. On Wednesday eve the alarm of fire was given but it proved to be the burning out of a chimney. … Thursday a fire broke out at the Portsmouth ice stack. The hay used for packing caught by a spark from a passing locomotive. Our fire company was soon on the spot, and it was soon checked with very little loss to the Co. (Farmington News, April 9, 1880).

MILTON. Our fire company gave a supper on Tuesday evening April 12. A good number were present and about 105 took supper, which was gotten up in fine style. Fine music was furnished by Clemond Brothers String Band, and it was the boss time of the season (Farmington News, April 29, 1881).

In 1883 a Miscellaneous Bill of $75 was paid over to B.F. Avery for the “fire district, as per the vote of the town.” In 1884 a Special Tax of $80 was paid over to Brackett F. Avery for the Milton fire district. In 1885 a Special Tax of $90 was paid over to Brackett F. Avery for the Milton fire district.

In 1887 a Special Tax of $200 was paid over to Walter B. Grant for the Milton fire district.

In 1888 a Special Tax of $100 was paid over to B.F. Avery for the Milton fire precinct. In 1889 a Special Tax of $120 was paid over to the Milton fire precinct. In 1890 a Special Tax of $170 was paid over to the Milton fire precinct.

Cisco W. Hart, a son of Milton merchant John F. Hart, was elected moderator for the Milton fire precinct meeting in March 1890.

MILTON. The annual meeting of Milton fire precinct Saturday evening resulted in election of the following officers: Moderator, Cisco W. Hart; clerk, William T. Wallace; fire wards, Brackett F. Avery, Charles E. Ricker, John H. Maddox (Farmington News, March 21, 1890).

The Milton Baptist Church building was totally consumed by fire in December 1890. The parsonage remained standing,

MILTON. The fire fiend made its appearance in our village, last Friday night, and totally destroyed the Freewill Baptist church. Flames were discovered issuing from the front windows about 11:30. A large crowd collected but the fire had secured so strong a hold that it was impossible to save anything from the building.  The attention of the engine company was directed to the parsonage, and aided by the coating of snow and ice on the roof, that escaped destruction. Rev. Mr. Manter and family occupied the house and the larger portion of their furniture was removed until the immediate danger was over, when willing hands speedily returned them. The cause of the fire is unknown. There had been no fire in the furnace since the previous Sunday, and for the meeting that evening there was but a light wood fire, which was practically out when the house was left. The loss will not be far from $4,000, and there was no insurance on the building or contents. Much credit is due the members of the fire department for their labors, and the thanks of Mr. Manter and his family are exten[d]ed to all who assisted them on the occasion. The Baptist society have accepted the offer of Burley & Usher and will hold their regular Sunday services in the packing room of the shoe factory, commencing next Sunday (Farmington News, [Friday,] December 12, 1890).

In 1891 a Special Tax of $105 was paid over to B.F. Avery, treasurer of the Milton fire precinct. In 1892 a Special Tax of $110 was paid over to B.F. Avery for the Milton fire precinct.

In 1894 a Special Tax of $320 was paid over to John H. Maddox for the Milton fire precinct. In 1895 a Special Tax of $120 was paid over to J.H. Maddox for the Milton fire precinct.

LOCALS. Carleton’s orchestra plays at the Milton fire company’s ball Friday evening. … A number from here [Farmington] will attend the ball given by the Tri-Echo fire company of Milton (Farmington News, January 19, 1894).

The Tri-Echo Fire Association (later to be the Milton Fire Department) was a private fire association having its sixth annual ball at the A.O.U.W. Hall in January 1895. (One might calculate that its first annual ball would have been held in 1889 and that it can be seen that the fire precinct predated that first ball by at least ten years).

MILTON. Tri-Echo Fire Association of Milton will give its sixth annual ball at the A.O.U.W. hall, in that place, Friday evening of this week (Farmington News, January 25, 1895).

In 1896 a Special Tax of $120 was paid over to John Maddox for the Milton fire precinct. In 1897 a Special Tax of $145 was paid over to John Maddox for the Milton fire precinct. In 1898 a Special Tax of $150 was paid over to John Maddox for the Milton fire precinct. In 1899 a Special Tax of $150 was paid over to John Maddox for the Milton fire precinct.

In 1900 a Special Tax of $150 was paid over to John Maddox for the Milton fire precinct. In 1901 a Special Tax of $100 was paid over to John Maddox for the Milton fire precinct. In 1902 a Special Tax of $150 was paid over to John H. Maddox for the Milton fire precinct.

FIRE AT MILTON. The town of Milton was visited by a bad fire at an early hour Wednesday morning when the large leather board and shoe findings factory, owned by the Milton leather board company, was totally destroyed. The loss will be a bad blow to the people as well as the owners. The alarm was given at 7.45 and the Milton fire department responded promptly but the fire had such a start that their work amounted to but little. A man by the name of Dresser, who was among the last to get out of the mill, was badly burned about the head and arms, and was taken to his home in Lebanon, Me., after having his wounds dressed by Dr. Hart. The cause of the fire is supposed to be due to an overheated pulley, but the owners were unable to state [for] sure. The loss is estimated at about $60,000 and is well covered by insurance. The machinery, which was of the latest improved pattern, is wholly destroyed, also the boiler and engine. The employees feel their loss badly as some valuable watches and clothes were destroyed, besides being thrown out of work. the factory was a good one having been built about 12 years. It was two stories high, 185 feet long and 52 feet wide, with a boiler room 40×60, two stories in height. At this time business was rushing, a day and night crew being employed, in all about 80 hands. A large amount of stock was on hand (Farmington News, January 10, 1902).

FIRE AT MILTON. The houses of the Boston Ice Company at Milton were entirely consumed by fire last Saturday evening. The fire started about 6.30 o’clock. The buildings were struck by lightning during a severe electric storm. People who saw the lightning strike say that a ball of fire descended upon the house situated upon the southerly side next to the boiler house. This portion of the building being empty the flames spread rapidly through the dry timbers until the encountered the houses filled with ice when their progress was slower. The ice was being taken out at the time. There were twelve houses in all, having the largest capacity of any in this vicinity. The fire company responded at once and prevented a spread of fire to buildings situated on the other side of the track. On account of this disaster the train on the Northern division B&M was delayed for some time, owing to nearness of houses to track. The property is supposed to be well insured. In the houses were 80,000 tons of ice valued at $2.50 a ton which is a total loss. The twelve buildings destroyed were valued at $7,000, while the machinery in the boiler house was worth some $5,000. This would make the total loss some $80,000. The superintendent speaks highly of the Milton fire department (Farmington News, May 30, 1902).

The Milton Hose Company with its Tri-Echo hand tub fire engine, participated in the Milton Centennial parade on Saturday, August 30, 1902. (See Milton’s Centennial).

In 1903 a Special Tax of $120 was paid over to J.H. Maddox for the Milton fire precinct. In 1904 a Special Tax of $120 was paid over to J.H. Maddox for the Milton fire precinct. In 1905 a Special Tax of $130 was paid over to the Milton fire precinct.

In 1906 a Leslie B. Snow was paid $39.25 for acting as counsel to the Milton Selectmen in regard to the legality of the old fire precinct in the Milton Three Ponds district. I.W. Jones was paid $14.25 for his services as engineer running lines around the fire precinct. J.H. Avery and C.A. Jones were paid $7 each for their services and expenses laying out the fire precinct.

NEWS OF THE STATE. The large farm buildings owned and occupied by Jacob Staples about two miles above Milton on the road to Union and Milton Mills, were totally destroyed by fire early Sunday morning, with entire contents. It is supposed to have been the work of an incendiary, and officers are on the hunt to find the guilty party. Eight weeks ago Mr. Staples had a set of building burned, and in both cases there was no insurance.  In the first fire the loss was about $2000, and a large amount of live stock was burned. Mr. Staples then bought the buildings across the way, and newly furnished them. In the barn there were about 20 tons of new hay, 3 valuable horses, 20 hens, and some young stock, which were all burned. New farming tools and machinery were also destroyed. Loss set at $2500. The officers have clews and an arrest is likely to follow (Farmington News, August 3, 1906).

Fred Howard was paid $15 for his services at the Staples fire and for the use of his teams. M.M. [Mylo M.] Sinclair was paid $2.25 for his services at the Staples fire. J.H. Avery was paid $15 for his services in investigating the Staples fire. The March election of 1907 contained a Warrant Article regarding an addition to an existing building for fire purposes. The sum of $339.50 was raised for the Milton fire district.

ARTICLE 15. To see if the town will vote to permit the Milton Fire District to erect an addition to the building in said District, for fire purposes.

In 1908 $202 was raised for the Milton fire district.

MILTON. There were two alarms of fire in this village last week, both of which caused considerable excitement. Both fires were soon extinguished, however. The alarm Friday was for the home of Charles Welch, near the paper mill, and the report at first was that the paper mill was on fire. The fire Saturday was at the Boston ice houses, which were struck by lightning six years ago and burned to the ground. The fire Saturday, however, was put out before the “Tri-Echo” reached the scene of action (Sanford Journal-Tribune (Biddeford, ME), [Friday,] August 28, 1908).

8439. Milton, N.H. June 10, 1909. Paper Mill. This was an old, basement and two-story, frame mill of joist construction. Elevators and stairs, of which there were several, were all open. Boiler house was brick, adjoined main building, and not cut off. Raw stock was waste paper, wood and sulphite pulp, with the former stored in large quantities, loose and in bales through all parts of the buildings without regard for cleanliness. Cause of fire unknown. Plant totally destroyed except storehouse, which was saved by good work of country fire department with small hand tub. Mill was shut down for repairs. These were completed and work was to have been resumed the following morning. Night watchman went away for the day, and was to report at or before 7 p.m. but did not. The superintendent claims to have made a round at 7 p.m., and saw nothing out of the way, after which he went home to supper leaving mill alone. At about 8.30 he started for the mill to see if the watchman was on duty, and discovered the fire and gave the alarm by whistle at near-by mill, after trying to enter mill which he was unable to do on account of smoke. By the time the fire department arrived (ten minutes), the mill was afire nearly all over. This mill had a fair sprinkler equipment (wet system, Grinnell glass disc, pipe sizes 1, 2, 3, installed 1901, spacing good), so far as it covered, but boiler house and other important portions were not equipped. Water supply was an 8,100-gallon gravity tank, and poor rotary pump. Inspector visited the risk the day previous to the fire and found the gravity tank empty and pump out of commission. Superintendent stated that tank was filled on the same afternoon, but no one could be found who noticed any water coming from sprinklers during the fire, although several employees entered the building attempting to save personal belongings. Rotary fire pump was of no value and no attempt was made to start it. Loss about $60,000. Summary: Defective and incomplete sprinkler protection (National Fire Protection Association, 1909).

In 1909 $132 (and an added percentage [7.1%] of $9.32) was raised for the Milton fire district. Hazen Plummer “and others” were paid $27, and B.B. Plummer was paid $44.85, for Fighting Fires “on mountain.” C.A. Jones “and others” were paid $34 for Fighting Fires “at West Milton.” The district schools at Milton and Milton Mills were equipped with fire extinguishers and fire escapes.

In 1910 a Special Tax of $132 was paid over to Hazen W. Downs, treasurer, for the Milton fire district. Fred P. Jones was paid $5 for his services as fire warden. George M. Corson, William Plummer, Fred W. Drew, Charles E. Varney, and James Blouin were paid 75¢ each for “watching fire, Silver street.” In 1911 a Special Tax of $182 was paid over to Hazen W. Downs, treasurer, for the Milton fire district. Fred P. Jones, fire warden, and eighty-eight others, were paid $88 in total ($1 each) for fighting a forest fire “below Farmington Road,” on April 17, 1910.

Motorized fire trucks began to replace hand tubs in surrounding local towns, such as Alton, NH, which appropriated $1,000 for a chemical fire truck in March 1911 (Farmington News, March 17, 1911).

Fire in Milton. Fire early Wednesday destroyed the big mill of the Milton Leather Board Company and caused a loss that will reach $100,000. Fifty employes of the concern were thrown out of work by the fire. Starting from a cause not yet determined, the blaze spread with great rapidity and soon the whole mill was enveloped. The fire brigade of the mill assisted the Milton fire department in fighting the flames, but the building was doomed from almost the start of the fire. When the fire was discovered six persons were working in the mill and they escaped and gave the alarm. The president of the company owning the mill is S. Frank Dawson of Milton, and Seth F. Dawson of Lawrence is treasurer. Partial insurance (Farmington News, March 22, 1912).

In 1912 $182 was paid over to the Milton fire district. In 1913 $557 was paid over to the Milton fire district. In 1914 $252 was paid over to the Milton fire district.

Report of the School Board. … The complete destruction by fire on April 4th [1914] of the Milton village grammar school building with its entire contents was most lamentable; but our tax-payers came loyally to the front and voted to empower the school board to hire by note, twenty thousand dollars, to be used, in addition to the three thousand dollars received for insurance on the old school property, for the erection and equipment of a new school building. The result is we now have a beautiful, thoroughly modern, fire-proof structure of cement and brick that has no superior in any town of the size and valuation of Milton, in New Hampshire.

In 1915 $150 was paid over to the Milton fire district.

The Hotel Milton burnt in a multi-building fire that originated in a neighbor’s barn in 1915. The whole southern end of town was threatened, until the fire crew from the Dawson Manufacturing Company, i.e., the Milton Leather-Board Company, and their “force pump” contained the fire. Their “force pump” was likely also a hand-tub fire engine.

MILTON, N H. LOSS $10,000. Hotel and Dwelling Go – Others Damaged – Doors of Barn in Which Fire Started Found Locked. Special Dispatch to the Globe. MILTON, N.H., Nov. 11 – The large Hotel Milton, its outbuildings, including a commodious stable, the home of Charles Ricker and a barn owned by Edward Bodwell were destroyed by fire and several houses damaged early this evening. The town was threatened with one of the worst fires for years and at one time the entire lower part of the town was in danger. Milton has no fire protection and it was only through the kindness of the Dawson Manufacturing Company in extending the use of its force pump, also the absence of wind, that the flames were controlled. The fire originated in Edward Bodwell’s barn on Charles st. near the hotel, and was discovered about 6 p.m. by James Miller and Thomas Pinkham. The cause of the fire is a mystery, as the doors were locked and no one had been in the building during the day. The hotel is one of the oldest landmarks in town, formerly owned by Mrs. Harry Grover of Dover, but now by the Strafford National Bank of Dover. It was unoccupied, having been so since the town voted no-license, four years ago. Scott Dore, a fire fighter, fell 25 feet from the roof of Stephen Dixon’s residence to the ground, receiving many bruises and a bad shaking. The total damage is estimated at about $10,000. The loss on the hotel property is about $9000, insured; on Bodwell barn, $200, insured; Charles Ricker’s residence, $200, insured: Stephen Dixon’s house, $100, insured; houses of George Greenwood and Fred Welch, $100, insured. Charles Varney lost $100 worth of hay in Bodwell barn. The hotel will not be rebuilt (Boston Globe, November 12, 1915).

MILTON HOUSE BURNED. The Milton House, at Milton, a two story and a half, 50 room, wooden structure, untenanted during the past year, was burned to the ground last Thursday night, entailing a loss estimated at $10,000. The fire started at about six o’clock in a nearby shed and spread quickly to a barn and then to the hotel. The structure was soon a mass of flames, Hand tubs soon drained nearby wells and but for the assistance of two lines of hose from the Dawson mills, it is said that the flames might have spread to nearby dwellings. The Milton House was built some 25 years ago by the late Horace Drew of Middleton (Farmington News, November 19, 1915).

Dover, NH, acquired a new auto fire truck in August 1915 (Farmington News, August 13, 1915). Alton, NH, purchased another fire truck in March 1917 (Farmington News, March 2, 1917).

In 1917 $182 was paid over to Harry D. Coles, treasurer of the Milton fire district. In 1918 $200 was paid over to H.D. Coles, treasurer of the Milton fire district. In 1919 $200 was paid over to H.D. Coles, treasurer of the Milton fire district. In 1920 $300 was paid over to H.D. Coles, treasurer of the Milton fire district.

Neighboring Farmington, NH, appropriated “not more than $2,000” for a “combination chemical fire truck” in April 1922 (Farmington News, April 14, 1922).

Milton appropriated money to purchase its own “triple combination” fire car in March 1928. After this acquisition, its Tri-Echo hand tub would be stored away in a barn loft.

[Article] 7. By petition of Harry D. Coles and nineteen others: To see if the town will vote to purchase a Combination Pump, Chemical and Hose-car for extinguishment of fires in said town, raise, appropriate or hire on notes of the town a sum of money not exceeding forty-five hundred dollars ($4,500) to pay for the same together with the necessary equipment, and pass any other vote or votes relative thereto.

LOCAL. It is learned here with interest that the town of Milton voted the purchase of an up-t0-date and highly efficient fire truck at its annual meeting Tuesday (Farmington News, March 16, 1928).

But the Tri-Echo hand tub would be taken out of storage for a “last hurrah” during the Milton fire department strike of April-May 1932.

FIREMEN STRIKE WHEN PAY IS CUT. Old Hand Tub Placed in Commission At Milton, N.H., as Emergency Measure. MILTON, N.H., April 15. Incensed because their pay has been cut to $3 a year and 50 cents an hour “fighting time,” the 15 members of the Milton Fire Department, with the exception of Chief Frank McIntire, have walked out on strike. Chief McIntire has announced his intention of joining the strikers tomorrow and, until the bitter differences between the firemen and the Selectmen has been ironed out, the town will be virtually without protection. No one in Milton, save the three engineers who are out on strike, knows how to operate the new combination chemical pump and the Selectmen, in desperation, have ordered the old hand tub out of retirement. Taken From Barn Loft. It was resurrected from a barn loft today. The cobwebs were dusted off and it was put in readiness for immediate use. From the ranks of the older townsmen a crew of volunteers, familiar with the working of the hand-tub, was recruited and in an emergency, they will be called upon to perform yeoman service. The Selectmen have found plenty of volunteers who are willing to help and the town, as a whole, feels confident that it will be able to handle the situation until the salary problem has been amicably settled. At present the firemen and Selectmen are deadlocked on the issue. Neither group will give way an inch in the conflict which had its inception at the town meeting on March 8 when no provision was made for the firemen who have always received $20 a year and 50 cents an hour fighting time. The Selectmen claimed to have found, upon consulting the statute books of the State, that, unless other provisions were made, the yearly salary of firemen in small towns was to be fixed at $3 a year and 50 cents an hour for actual firefighting. Consult Attorney. They also claimed that the town records include no law calling for a special appropriation for firemen’s salaries and that, therefore, they could not legally pay the firemen more than the stipulated $3 a year. The Board of Selectmen, comprised of Charles Philbrick, chairman; Louis Tibbetts and Leroy Ford, notified the firemen, all of whom, with the exception of Chief McIntire, are call men, that henceforth they would receive only $3 a year for keeping Milton safe from the ravages of the brush fire and the house fire. A protest was made at once and the Selectmen were asked to reconsider their action. They hastily consulted a lawyer in Rochester, who informed them with legal emphasis that every dollar over $3 a year that you pay those firemen will have to come out of your own pockets. Extra Precautions. When this ultimatum was delivered to the firemen they walked out of the station. Their formal resignations were handed to the Selectmen with a notice that they were to become effective at once. Chief McIntire also tendered his resignation but stated that it would not become effective until tomorrow. The Selectmen cannot see how under the law they can make any concessions to the firemen and the latter will not listen to any proposition which does not sound like $20 a year. In the meantime, all townspeople are expected to take extra precautions against fire that might endanger the safety of Milton’s 1200 or more residents. The last serious fire in the town destroyed the Milton Ice House last Summer. The firemen did good work on that occasion but the townspeople believe that, given a less threatening fire, the volunteers and their trusty hand tub will do as creditably (Boston Globe, April 16, 1932).

MILTON, N.H., April 16 (A.P.) – Milton citizens are fixing up the old hand tub in case of fire because Milton now has no fire department and no one knows how to run the single piece of modern apparatus. The 15 call men resigned because no appropriation was made to pay them the customary twenty dollars a year (Portland Evening Express (Portland, ME), April 16, 1932).

MILTON, N.H. FIRE DEP’T ENDS STRIKE. Milton, N.H., May 3 – (AP) – Milton had a fire department tonight for the first time in two weeks, but they had to pay up to get the boys back. At a special town meeting today Chief Frank McIntire was voted $40 a year salary, two assistants were voted $35 and $25 and 12 men, $20 a year and $.50 an hour when fighting fires. A town meeting in March adjourned without voting the salaries and selectmen found they could not legally pay the men more than $3. The entire fire department struck two weeks ago. No harm was done, however, because Milton hasn’t had a fire since the strike (Lewiston Daily Sun (Lewiston, ME), May 4, 1932).

Chief Engineer Frank B. McIntire reported in 1934 that the Milton Fire Precinct – as distinct from the Milton Fire Department – had an engine house and lot ($1,500), one hand tub ($25), one 40-ft. extension ladder ($25), one 30-ft. straight ladder, two tables and twenty chairs ($10), one box stove ($10), and 500 feet of hose ($250), totaling $1,830. (The Milton fire department had its own fire station building, which was separate from that owned by the Milton fire precinct).

The hand tub last appeared in a precinct inventory that appeared in the Town Report of 1936, as being still worth $25.

Milton Three Ponds’ “Tri-Echo” hand tub engine is said to have been demolished in 1941, likely in a WW II scrap metal drive (Handtub Junction, 2022).

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