By Muriel Bristol (Transcriber) | August 29, 2019
In this year, we encounter a Belgian Relief fund, the funeral of Mrs. Sarah E. Goodwin, an office-girl wanted, a farm for sale, the sinking of the Lusitania, a houseworker wanted, rusticators wanted, a summer cottage for sale, someone needed to take charge, a fatal auto accident, a bookkeeper wanted, a chauffeur seeking employment, ominous news at the Milton Shoe Company, the Hotel Milton fire, and eggs seeking a wider market.
The German Army had in August 1914 invaded and occupied neutral Belgium on its way to France and the battle of the Marne. They were not the least bit shy about seizing private property and foodstuffs, to the detriment of the Belgian population, taking and executing hostages, or a committing a variety of other oppressions and atrocities.
Among many news articles about Belgian relief ships being dispatched from various American ports was the following item concerning Milton’s contribution. Much of the relief effort came about through the efforts of London-based financier Herbert Hoover. For his Belgian relief efforts, if not his later presidency, one might well agree with the old television theme song: “Mister, we could use a man like Herbert Hoover again.”
NEW YEAR GIFT OF $1600. Additional Contributions of $2359 to Belgian Relief Fund Make Total of $162,458. Additional Contributions amounting to $2359.22 were received by Treas. Joseph H. O’Neill of the Belgian Relief Fund, at the Federal Trust Company, 85 Devonshire st. yesterday. The total to date now is $162,458.43 as follows: Previously acknowledged … $160,099.21, Tipperary … $100.00, Sarah O’Dowd … $5.00, R.G.H. … $2.00, John C. Day … $2.00, G.C.B. … $10.00, New Year’s Gift … $1,600, Amanda F. Sylvester … $10.00, North Market St. Friend … $5.00, Mr. and Mrs. J. Bertram Read … $10.00, Quascacurquen Grange, Byfield … $10, South Medford Baptist S.S. … $15.00, St. Ansgarius’ S.S., Boston … $6.75, Edgar L. Knapp … $1.00, Post Mills Village, Vt. … $2.50, Mrs. Charles H. Adams … $25.00, J.P. Mahoney … $30.00, New England Women’s Club … $60.00, Boston Central W.C.T.U. (for flour) … $5.00, Mattapannock Woman’s Club … $5.00, Brightelmstone Club … $5.00, Milton, N.H., schools … $30.00, Friends of Milton, N.H. … $46.50, The Misses Gage … $5.00, Griswold Tyng … $3.00, New Hampshire College (additional) … $4.00, Church of the Messiah, Woods Hole (additional) … $8.11, Thomas H. Kearney … $2.00, James Donovan … $2.00, J.F. Brown … $5.00, Maine Friend … $2.32, Florence F.P. Mendell … $10.00, Congregational S.S., Brockton … $4.00, Franklin, Conn., Congregational S.S. … $5.55, S.H. … $5.00, Dorothea M. Hughes … $50.00, Everett E. Hapgood … $10.00, Alice H. Robie … $2.00, King’s Daughters, Central Av. Baptist Church, Dover, N.H. … $5.00, Cash from Weymouth … $6.31, Free Baptist Ch., W. Charlestown, Vt. … $11.00, First Unitarian Society, Ware … $3.75, Edith A. Claflin … $2.50, Ellington Congregational S.S. … $51.17, Mrs. H.R. Burgess … $1.00, Congregational S.S. Cornwall, Vt. … $15.69, Lucy W. Baxter … $10.00, T.G. … $10.00, Henry Edward Scars, Jr. … $0.25, Mrs. Chateleine … $1.00, Frederick Willcox … $2.00, Alice P. Chase … $50.00, Mrs. Philip A. Chase … $50.00, Miss McKenzie … $2.00, A Friend … $1.80, Two Well Wishers … $5.00, Anonymous … $27.02; Total … $162,458.43 (Boston Globe, January 1, 1915).
The abbreviation “S.S.” in so many of the church-based donor names stood for “Sunday School.” “W.C.T.U.” stood for “Women’s Christian Temperance Union.”
Samuel Shapleigh Goodwin was born in Lebanon, ME, September 12, 1832, son of Benjamin and Anna (Horn) Goodwin. He married, after 1850, Sarah E. Lord. She was born in Lebanon, ME, circa 1832-33, daughter of Benjamin and Mercy (Fall) Lord.
They lived in Boston, MA, in and after 1855, where he worked for many years as a mason. (He must have worked on many interesting projects there). He died in Boston, MA, February 17, 1899, aged sixty-six years. After his death, she returned to Lebanon, ME, where she died, December 31, 1914, aged eighty-two years, nine months, and two days.
Funeral of Mrs. Sarah E. Goodwin. MILTON, N.H., Jan. 2 – The funeral of Mrs. Sarah E. Goodwin, aged 82, widow of Samuel S. Goodwin, was held this afternoon at the residence of her nephew, Charles Webber, Rev Edward Tenney officiating. There were many beautiful floral tributes (Boston Globe, January 3, 1915).
Typewriters had been invented in the 1870s, but had not become common office equipment until the 1880s. The Milton Shoe Company sought an “office girl,” i.e., a secretary, who was familiar with them.
FEMALE HELP WANTED. WANTED AT ONCE – First-class office girl, familiar with the general details of a shoe factory office; must he a competent stenographer and typewriter, in replying state experience and salary expected; no novices need apply; position steady. MILTON SHOE COMPANY, Inc, Milton, N.H. 3t ap8 (Boston Globe, April 8, 1915).
Here is offered for sale a 35-acre farm situated two miles from the Milton High School and downtown, one mile from Tri-Echo Lake, and one mile off the Yellow Belt line (either the railroad or the state highway). It seems like its approximate location might be identified by triangulation.
REAL ESTATE MARKET. A Bargain at $700. For Quick Sale. FARM OF 35 ACRES. In New Hampshire town of 1600; 12 acres tillage, balance woodland and growing timber; 1 mile from Tri-Echo Lake; boating and fishing unexcelled: 2 miles to High and grammar schools, stores, churches and local industries; house, with open fireplace, brick oven, large dry cellar under entire house; two barns in fair condition; fruit, apples, pears, etc., grapes and berries: never-failing trout brook, recently stocked; finest well of water in neighborhood right at door; mail delivered at house daily; good neighbors; on good road, 1 mile off Yellow Belt line; must be seen to be appreciated. If you mean business address at once. OWNER. Box 205, Milton, N.H. (Boston Globe, April 25, 1915).
The $700 asking price of 1915 would be roughly $17,552 in 2018 dollars. An inference might be drawn perhaps that farms were much less expensive then by several orders of magnitude. The same would go for rents. That is to say, housing and real property took up smaller portions of one’s budget formerly than now.
The Imperial German embassy printed the following notice in fifty U.S. newspapers. In some at least, the German notice appeared next to notices of the sailing from New York of the British passenger vessel RMS. Lusitania.
NOTICE! Travellers intending to embark on the Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great Britain and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters adjacent to the British Isles; that, in accordance with formal notice given by the Imperial German Government, vessels flying the flag of Great Britain, or any of her allies, are liable to destruction in those waters and that travellers sailing in the war zone on the ships of Great Britain or her allies do so at their own risk. Imperial German Embassy. Washington, D.C., 22 April 1915 (New York Tribune, May 1, 1915).
A German submarine torpedoed the RMS Lusitania off the coast of Ireland on May 7, 1915. The British empire was culpable too: they were transporting munitions on the ship. One hundred thirty-nine Americans, who either had not seen or did not heed the German warning, were on board. One hundred twenty-eight (92.1%) of them lost their lives.
FEMALE HELP WANTED. WANTED – Woman to do housework on farm. Box 229, Milton, N.H. SSu* (Boston Globe, May 1, 1915).
Presumably this would be a “steady job,” as the proverb has it that “A woman’s work is never done.”
William Pinfold advertised summer camping space – get next to nature! – in Milton Mills (or a room in his wife’s boarding house). His wife was Milton Mills writer Annie Lewis Pinfold, whom we first encountered in 1902.
In 1909, William Pinfold had been employed at the W. Mill, i.e., the Townsend’s Waumbeck Mill, in Milton Mills. His house was at 43 Main street in Milton Mills. His daughters, L. Elizabeth Pinfold, Amey A. Pinfold, and Ellen L. Pinfold, all weavers at the same W. Mill, boarded in W.P.’s house at 43 Main street.
William Pinfold, a woolen mills napper, aged forty-six years (b. England), headed a Milton (“Milton Mills”) household at the time of the Thirteenth (1910) Federal Census. His household included his wife (of twenty-four years), Anne [E. (Lewis)] Pinfold, aged forty-one years, and his children, Lucy E. Pinfold, a woolen mills weaver, aged twenty-three years (b. England), Ellen L. Pinfold, a woolen mills weaver, aged twenty-one years (b. ME), Ann A. Pinfold, a woolen mills weaver, aged eighteen years (b. ME), Edwin L. Pinfold, aged seventeen years (b. NH), and William F. Pinfold, aged sixteen years (b. NH). Anne Pinfold was the mother of ten children, of whom five were still living. William Pinfold was a naturalized citizen (a process which would have encompassed his entire family), having immigrated in 1882; his wife had immigrated in 1875, and his eldest daughter had “immigrated” in the sense that she had been born in Milton, NH, or Acton, ME, to then resident aliens in 1888. [Ed. Note: no birthright citizenship]. Their rented house was enumerated between those of Nicholas Mucci, a general store proprietor, aged seventy years (b. Italy), and Forrest L. Marsh, a general practice lawyer, aged thirty-seven years (b. NH).
In 1912, William Pinfold had been employed at the T. Mill, i.e., the Townsend Mill, in Milton Mills. His house was at 43 Main street in Milton Mills. L. Elizabeth Pinfold, Amey A. Pinfold, and Ellen L. Pinfold, all weavers at the same T. Mill, boarded in W.P.’s house at 43 Main street.
SUMMER RESORTS. NEW HAMPSHIRE – Get next to nature, camp under pine trees; good fishing and boating; automobile parties accommodated; boarders wanted for July, August and September. WILLIAM PINFOLD, Milton Mills, N H; tel. Revere 105-W (Boston Globe, June 13, 1915).
Mr. and Mrs. William Pinfold kept a boarding house – Like Home – at 43 Main street in Milton Mills in 1917.
The stated square footage for the summer cottage being offered here seems too large by an order of magnitude. A two-room summer cottage was more likely to be 540 sq. ft. than 5,400 sq. ft.
SUMMER COTTAGES. FOR IMMEDIATE SALE. SUMMER camp, recently built, in pine grove, on camp site, containing 5400 sq. ft.; 60-ft. frontage on beautiful Tri-Echo Lake, ½ mile from exclusive Summer colony of 50 cottages, 2 rooms, furnished camp style, excellent boating and fishing, one mile from railway station and village, together with 3000 feet fitted lumber and 1000 brick, all on the premises; camp connected by road with highway, can be reached by auto; must be sold at once; price $325, preferably cash, or $150 down, balance on easy terms. Full information on application to OWNER, box 129, Milton, N.H. (Boston Globe, August 1, 1915).
By this time, some summer rusticators were seeking to become the owners, rather than just renters, of Milton summer residences. A nearby “colony” of fifty Summer cottages was mentioned. The asking price of $325 for this cottage would be about $8,149 in 2018 dollars.
Mrs. Hattie M. (Newall) Dixon died in Milton, NH, December 20, 1914, leaving a “widower’s family of 5.”
(In 1909, Superintendent Dixon and his family lived on South Main street, “near the mill.” In the following year, the Dixon household had consisted of Hattie M. Dickson, her husband, her two parents, and three children. They were enumerated next to the forty-one Greek and Italian immigrants residing together in Spaulding factory housing).
FEMALE HELP WANTED. WANTED – Housekeeper in widower’s family of 5, must be capable of taking full charge, wages $5 per week. Address W.A. DICKSON, Milton, N.H. 2t au6 (Boston Globe, August 7, 1915).
William A. Dickson was the Superintendent at Spaulding’s mill in 1917. His house was on South Main street (third beyond the railroad crossing). His daughter, Marion I. Dickson, who was a student at Plymouth Normal school, had her home there.
William Alden Dickson married (2nd) in East Rochester, NH, May 21, 1918, Grace Emma Harwood, both of Milton. He was a mill superintendent, aged forty-three years, and she a teacher, aged thirty-five years. (She taught Grades 3-4 at the Milton Grammar School in 1912 and 1917). She was born in Boston, MA, March 1, 1883, daughter of Walter H. and Joanna M. (Brenhan) Harwood.
William Alden Dickson, of Milton, Strafford, NH, aged forty-four years (b. September 6, 1874), registered for the WW I military draft, in Milton, September 12, 1918. He was employed as Superintendent by J. Spaulding & Sons, Milton, NH. His nearest relative was his wife, Grace E. Dickson, of Milton, NH. He was tall, with a slender build, and had blue eyes and light hair.
William A. Dickson, a leather-board superintendent, aged forty-five years (b. MA), headed a Milton household at the time of the Fourteenth (1920) Federal Census. His household included his [second] wife, Grace E. Dickson, aged thirty-six years (b. MA), his children, Marion I. Dickson, a grammar school teacher, aged twenty-four years (b. MA), Hazel M. Dickson, aged fifteen years (b. NH), and Carlyne P. Dickson, aged eleven years (b. NH), and his servant, Isabel H. Mansfield, a private family servant, aged fifty-four years (b. ME). They resided in a rented house on Wakefield Road, in South Milton. The census taker enumerated their household between those of Charles A. Jones, a farmer, aged sixty-eight years (b. NH), and Steve Whipperstal [?], a leather-board laborer, aged thirty-seven years (b. Greece).
The unfortunate John S. Willis was a clerk in his father’s coal and wood office at 951 Elm street in Manchester, NH, in 1912. (The coal and wood yard was at Lincoln street, corner of Hayward). He boarded in his father’s house at 62 Webster street in Manchester.
JOHN S. WILLIS KILLED. Son of Manchester, N H, Postmaster Victim of Auto Crash Near Milton Mills, N.H. UNION, N.H., Aug. 23 – John S. Willis, son of John R. Willis, postmaster at Manchester, was killed today in an automobile accident at Milton Mills. He was making a tour of the State with Fred Marsaille, an oil agent of Boston. Coming down a hill, one of the front tires blew out. The machine turned turtle, pinning young Willis under the car. He was rushed to the home of Dr. Ross here, where he died tonight (Boston Globe, August 24, 1915).
One of the few driving restrictions in place was a requirement that autos reduce their speed when proceeding down hills. One might see perhaps see why in this accident. Top heavy with flimsy tires. (See also Milton Automobiles in 1906-07).
The Milton Shoe Company sought a bookkeeper in August. (This may have been their final hire).
MALE HELP WANTED. BOOKKEEPER WANTED – Preferably one with shoe factory experience. Give references and salary expected. MILTON SHOE COMPANY, Milton, N.H.(Boston Globe, August 24, 1915).
ADVERTISING. CHAUFFEUR wants position. American, 35, married, careful driver, and experienced; wife to do housework; no children. Address C.A.B., Box 83, Milton Mills, N.H. (Boston Globe, September 26, 1915).
We have seen before the rather odd inclusion of the term “American” in help-wanted and situations-wanted advertisements. On its face, it would seem to be somewhat redundant – a concern when paying by the word – to specify that one was an American in America. What these advertisements were actually saying was that the advertiser was not an immigrant.
Employees and creditors of the Milton Shoe Company woke up to some unsettling news regarding that company’s finances.
RECEIVERS APPOINTED. Assets of Milton Shoe Company Set at More Than Liabilities. William J. Barry and Charles F. Cotter were appointed receivers of the Milton Shoe Company, Inc., by Judge Dodge in the United States District Court yesterday, on a bill filed by the Ayer Tanning Company, a creditor with a claim of $3331. The liabilities are set at $40,000, but the assets are said to exceed that amount, though not readily convertible into cash. The defendant company engage in a business of shoe and leather product (Boston Globe, November 10, 1915).
Here endeth the Hotel Milton, burnt in a multi-building fire that originated in a neighbor’s barn. The whole southern end of town was threatened, until the fire crew from the Dawson Manufacturing Company, i.e., the Milton Leather-Board Company, and their “force pump” contained the fire. Their “force pump” was likely a horse-drawn hand-tub fire engine.
MILTON, N H. LOSS $10,000. Hotel and Dwelling Go – Others Damaged – Doors of Barn in Which Fire Started Found Locked. Special Dispatch to the Globe. MILTON, N.H., Nov. 11 – The large Hotel Milton, its outbuildings, including a commodious stable, the home of Charles Ricker and a barn owned by Edward Bodwell were destroyed by fire and several houses damaged early this evening. The town was threatened with one of the worst fires for years and at one time the entire lower part of the town was in danger. Milton has no fire protection and it was only through the kindness of the Dawson Manufacturing Company in extending the use of its force pump, also the absence of wind, that the flames were controlled. The fire originated in Edward Bodwell’s barn on Charles st. near the hotel, and was discovered about 6 p.m. by James Miller and Thomas Pinkham. The cause of the fire is a mystery, as the doors were locked and no one had been in the building during the day. The hotel is one of the oldest landmarks in town, formerly owned by Mrs. Harry Grover of Dover, but now by the Strafford National Bank of Dover. It was unoccupied, having been so since the town voted no-license, four years ago. Scott Dore, a fire fighter, fell 25 feet from the roof of Stephen Dixon’s residence to the ground, receiving many bruises and a bad shaking. The total damage is estimated at about $10,000. The loss on the hotel property is about $9000, insured; on Bodwell barn, $200, insured; Charles Ricker’s residence, $200, insured: Stephen Dixon’s house, $100, insured; houses of George Greenwood and Fred Welch, $100, insured. Charles Varney lost $100 worth of hay in Bodwell barn. The hotel will not be rebuilt (Boston Globe, November 12, 1915).
NEWS IN BRIEF. The Milton House, a hotel at Milton, N.H., which has been unoccupied for a year, was burned. The loss is $40,000 (Fitchburg Sentinel, November 12, 1915).
The Hotel Milton (or Milton Hotel) had appeared, under the management of Charles L. and Etta M. (Murray) Bodwell, in Milton business directories of 1894, 1898, 1901, 1904, 1905-06. (It seems to have been the hotel offered for sale in August 1902). It had advertised for hotel staff in 1896, 1898, 1903, and 1904. It was the fondly remembered childhood residence of poet laureate Louise B. Bogan, from 1901 to 1904. The Bodwells appear to have sold out in or around 1905-06.
Charles L. Bodwell died in Milton, May 5, 1913, aged fifty-five years and nine days. He had been a Milton resident for twenty years. His occupation was given as “Hotel,” i.e., hotel keeper or hotelier. Etta M. (Murray) Bodwell died in Springvale, ME, December 30, 1928.
Sometime after 1905-06, the hotel passed to the proprietorship of Harry C. Grover and his second wife, Mary F. ((Emerson) Wilbur) Grover. (They had married in Rochester, NH, March 23, 1904). The newspapers of 1915 seemed to think that it was she that owned the hotel. The Milton business directory of 1909 situated the hotel at Toppan street, corner of Charles. (The H.C. Brown in the advertisement of that year was an error for H.C. Grover). Grover’s father, Walter S. Grover, was employed and resident there too. The Grovers likely sold out in 1909, as they resided in Dover, NH, in 1910.
Harry Curtis Grover, of 534 Central Avenue, Dover, NH, aged forty-five years, registered for the WW I military draft there, September 12, 1918. By way of occupation, he kept a public auto. Mary F. Grover was his nearest relation. He was tall, with a medium build, and had blue eyes and brown hair. C. Harry Grover kept a boarding-house in York, ME, in 1940. Mrs. Mary F. ((Emerson) Wilbur) Grover died there in that year. He died in 1951.
Next Charles A. Jeffery and his wife took over. Charles A. Jeffery married in Boston, February 9, 1909, Leona G. Coyne. He was a painter, aged thirty-five years, resident at the Hotel Bowdoin. She was a waitress, aged twenty-five years, resident at 45 Bowdoin street. They were in Milton by August 1909.
Charles A. Jeffery, a hotel landlord, aged thirty-seven years (b. Canada (Eng.)), headed a Milton (“Milton 3-Ponds”) household at the time of the Thirteenth (1910) Federal Census (April 1910). His household included his wife (of three years), Leona G. Jeffery, aged twenty-one years (b. MN), his children, Charles Jeffery, aged two years (b. MA), and Robert Jeffery, aged eight months (b. NH).
The resident staff were Harry Morgan, a hotel coachman, aged thirty-two years (b. NH), Patrick Grimes, a hotel bartender, aged thirty-eight years (b. NH), James DeRosa, a hotel laborer, aged seventy-two years (b. CT), and Mary Berry, a hotel servant, aged twenty-two years (b. Ireland (Eng.)). The cook likely lived offsite.
The hotel boarders were Albert LaChance, a leather-board mill helper, aged twenty-seven years (b. Canada (Eng.)), Russell Scruton, a leather-board mill laborer, aged thirty-seven years (b. NH), Fred Cumpston [?], a leather-board mill laborer, aged twenty-one years (b. MA), and George [Greek surname not listed], a shoe shop buttoner, aged thirty years (b. Greece).
The census taker enumerated the hotel and its occupants between the households of Louis J. Marshall, Jr., a leather-board mill laborer, aged twenty-seven years (b. NH), and Arthur Marshall, a barber, aged thirty-seven years (b. Canada (Eng.)). Charles A. Jeffery was a naturalized citizen, having immigrated to the U.S. in 1893. Leona G. Jeffery was the mother of two children, of whom two were still living.
News articles about the fire contain also the head-shaking detail that the Hotel Milton had been undercut economically around 1910-11 by a Town no-license vote, i.e., a vote denying renewal of the hotel’s liquor license. That would have closed its saloon bar, making it impossible for the hotel to sustain itself. Poor Jeffery had owned the hotel outright in 1910, but now he would have to take on debt in order to stay afloat. The hotel appeared still at Toppan, cor. Charles, in the Milton business directory of 1912 (compiled in 1911), under the management of Charles A. Jeffery. But not for long: soon he would have to lay off its staff and close its doors.
Charles A. Jefferies tried to sell the Hotel Milton in May 1913. He claimed it was still paying, but he said also that he had the customary “good reasons” to sell. The Strafford National Bank owned the shuttered hotel at the time of the fire.
The Milton directory of 1917 listed the Milton Hotel, at Toppan, corner of Charles, as having been “(closed),” which sounds somewhat less conclusive than the 1915 newspaper report of its having been “destroyed.”
[Ed. note: By withholding its liquor license, Milton’s Town government effectively killed a hotel goose that laid golden eggs. Given that the hotel was said to have been one of the oldest landmarks in town, i.e., extant before even the Bodwells’ tenure there, it had been laying those golden eggs for a very long time. One might perceive also the beginnings of an economic cascade effect: Arthur Marchand closed up his nearby barber shop at about this time too. Hotel patrons were a part of his clientèle. (“It’s not nice to fool with Mother Nature”)].
By 1917, Charles A. Jeffery had “moved to Mass.” He died in Somerville, MA, July 19, 1942. Leona G. (Coyne) Jeffery died there, April 1, 1978.
Some local poultry farmer thought to leverage Milton’s rail access to reach a larger market.
POULTRY, PIGEONS. NOTICE. I CAN SHIP 4 cases of strictly fresh unfertilized eggs per week, perfect sanitation guaranteed and stock fed on the very best of feed, references, etc. Apply Box 181, Milton Mills, N H. (Boston Globe, December 5, 1915).
We have seen already that Whiting Milk was aggregating local milk production for the Boston market in 1886.
The goose that lays the golden eggs likes to lay where there are eggs already. ~ Charles Spurgeon
Previous in sequence: Milton in the News – 1914; next in sequence: Milton in the News – 1916
References:
Find a Grave. (2013, August 15). Annie E. Pinfold. Retrieved from www.findagrave.com/memorial/115525502/annie-e-pinfold
Find a Grave. (2013, July 7). Charles Linwood Bodwell. Retrieved from www.findagrave.com/memorial/113448151
Find a Grave. (2016, April 9). Harry C. Grover. Retrieved from www.findagrave.com/memorial/160800957
Wikipedia. (2019, April 30). Commission for Relief in Belgium. Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_for_Relief_in_Belgium
Wikipedia. (2019, August 26). R.M.S. Lusitania. Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Lusitania
Wikipedia. (2019, August 26). Typewriter. Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter
Youtube. (2009, May 29). Gerry #5 [Hand-tub Fire Engine] at the Redd’s Pond Tryout Day 2009. Retrieved from www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEyxiueQ11w
Milton Observer 